Tuesday, July 5, 2011
Monday, July 4, 2011
Monday, June 20, 2011
Airbus A330 Wide Body aircraft
Specification
Dimensions A330-200 A330-300
The total length of 58.8 m 63.6 m
High (up to horizontal tail) 17:40 m 16.85 m
Body diameter 5.64 m
Cabin width max. 5:28 m
Cabin length 45.0 m 50.35 m
Wing length (geometric) 60.3 m
Wing area (reference) 361.6 m²
Wave wing (25% chord) 30 degrees
Wheel base 22.2 m 25.6 m
10.69 m Wheel Path
History
A330 Airbus wanted to compete directly in the market ETOPS (Extended Twin-engine Operations), especially with the Boeing 767.
A330 body and wing are similar to the smaller A340 variants, although it has different engines. The design of the basic airframe is inherited from the Airbus A330 and A300 using the system fly-by-wire and flightdeck from the Airbus A320. Both the A330 and A340 are assembled on the final assembly line at Toulouse-Blagnac, France.
In April 2011, the number of ordered A330 reached 1.122 units and 780 aircraft have been delivered.
Variants
There are two main variants of the A330. A330-300 was launched in 1987 with the inaugural flight in 1993. A330-200 was launched in 1995, was introduced in 1998 and came up with a version of passengers, cargo and tanker.
A330-200
Airbus developed the A330-200 variants to rival the Boeing 767-300ER, which was then actively penetrate the market. This is due to sales of the A330-300 which is less encouraging at the time, and the airlines will demand smaller aircraft and a greater distance. A330-200 is similar to the A340-200 or a shortened version of the A330-300. A340-200 with sales of less (only 28 aircraft built), Airbus decided to use the A340-200 fuselage with the wings and engine A330-300. Significantly improved the economics of the aircraft and make the model more popular than the four-engined variant.
Vertical fin is taller than the A330-300 to restore its effectiveness due to their short fuselage. This variant has additional fuel capacity and, like the A330-300, has a MTOW of 233 tonnes. Distance with 253 passengers in three class configuration is 12.500 km (6.750 nautical miles).
Machines supplied by two General Electric CF6 engines-80E, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700. All engines are ETOPS-180 min. The first deliveries, to ILFC / Canada 3000, in April 1998.
A330-200 has sold a lot since its launch, rival Boeing 767 with a ratio of 23: 9 in 2004. As a result, Boeing has asked the Rolls Royce and GE to design engines that allow the Boeing 787 Dreamliner 15% more economical than the A330-200.
A330-200 can be equated with 767-400ER and the 787-9 will equal the future.
A330-200F
During the glory A300-600F and A310F, Airbus began marketing a derivative of the A330-200 cargo sektiar 2000-2001, although it was not launched until then. A330-200F appeared at the Farnborough Air Show in 2006 and received the go-ahead in January 2007. Its inaugural flight took place on November 5, 2009.
A330-200F cargo plane is a medium-sized remote that can carry 64 tons of cargo nearly 4.000 NM (7.400 km), or 69 tonnes up to 3,200 NM (5,930 km). This aircraft has a cargo loading system is a versatile main-deck that can carry containers and pallets. Several loading done on the main deck, 23 pallets for Side-by-Side (SBS), at high volume, high value commodities or loading Single Row (SR) 16 pallets (96 "x 96" x125 "SR) and / or nine AMA containers on cargo market.
The aircraft uses two engines Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700.
Orders 68 Airbus aircraft have been locked out of six airlines: Interpid Aviation Group (20), Guggenheim Aviation Partners (6), Flyington Freighters (12), Avion Aircraft Trading (8), Etihad Airways (3), MNG Airlines (2) and ACT Airlines (2). Delivery began in 2009.
Other wide-bodied cargo aircraft is the B767-300F, DC-10F, MD-11F, and Boeing 777F.
A330-300
A330-300, which performs its maiden flight in 1993, built as a replacement for the A300. The aircraft is based on the weight of stretched A300-600 but with wings, and the software equalizer fly-with-new wiring.
A330-300 carrying 295 passengers in a three-class cabin configuration (335 in second class and 440 in single class) with a distance of 10.500 km (5.650 NM). This aircraft has a large cargo capacity, comparable to the first Boeing 747. Some airlines do cargo flights after midnight passenger flights during the day.
The aircraft uses two General Electric CF6 engines-80E, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700, all of which rated ETOPS-180. U.S. Airways is the launch airline in the United States with semibilan A330-300.
A330-300 can be equated with the Boeing 777-200 and McDonnell Douglas MD-11, which is now no longer manufactured.
A330 MRTT
Version of the Multi-Role Transport and Tanker (MRTT) of the A330-200 provides fuel to fly and strategic transport. Today, the aircraft has been operated by Australia, Saudi Arabia, UAE and UK. KC-30, a derivative of the A330 is similar to the MRTT, KC-X contract from U.S. Air Force for 179 aircraft fleet fuel and replace the KC-135nya. EADS placed with Northrop Grumman for the purchase, the rival KC-767.
Sunday, June 19, 2011
Tuesday, June 14, 2011
The Jumbo jet Boeing 747
This four-engine aircraft, manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, uses two deck configuration where the upper deck is used for business class. 3-class configuration (first class, business class and economy class) can accommodate 400 passengers and 1-class configuration (only economy class only) can accommodate 600 passengers.
747 can fly at high speeds (typically 0.85 Mach or 909 kilometers per hour) and capable of flying between continents (with a maximum distance of 13,570 km to 15,000 km). In 1989, Qantas fly nonstop from London to Sydney, the flight distance is as far as 18,000 km and at the finish within 20 hours and 9 minutes. But the flight did not carry passengers or cargo (aircraft empty). In May 2004, 747 in 1382, with various configurations, has been repaired or improved, making 747 one of Boeing's most successful product.
History
Boeing 747 air industry was born at the time of the 60's era of rapidly advancing. The era of commercial aircraft at the time, dijuarai by a Boeing 707 that has made a revolution in air travel distance and realize the concept of "Global Cities". At that time, Boeing was also reviewing a large aircraft to win the contract from the U.S. Army but lost to the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. Pan Am, Boeing loyal client at the time, asked Boeing to make a large passenger aircraft, 2 times the size of the Boeing 707. Then, in 1966, Boeing issued a one-line configuration guide on passenger aircraft that will be named the Boeing 747. Pan Am ordered 25 for the series 747-100. At first, the design of this plane is a plane full of two-level or 'double decker' but because of a problem when an emergency evacuation of the aircraft, this idea was changed to a wide-bodied aircraft.
At that time, the Boeing 747 is expected to be superseded by supersonic transport. So Boeing 747 Boeing recreate that can be converted into cargo aircraft, just in case if the demand for passenger versions will drop one day and the only cargo version that survived. And the cockpit of the plane was moved to the upper deck for the muzzle plane can be made to be opened into one cargo door. At first the upper deck is used for first class and the lobby / bar but this time the deck is usually used as extra seating. With estimated sales of 400 units only, the 747 is able to withstand the criticism and in 1993 as many as 1000 aircraft successfully created.
Assembly 747 is a complicated process. This is because Boeing does not have wards plane large enough to accommodate the planes. So, this company was forced to make a single factory in Everett, Washington, where the plant became the largest plant ever built. Pratt and Whitney also at that time to wake a large turbofan engine, JT9D, for the Boeing 747. So, for safety and the ability to fly, made with 4 Boeing 747 hydraulic system for emergencies, a separate control surfaces, various kinds of 'stuctural redundancy' and 'flaps' which allow complex 747 is used on regular basis.
At first, many airline companies are skeptical about the Boeing 747. At that time, competitor Boeing, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed, were making wide-bodied aircraft with three engines called 'trijet', which is smaller than 747. In fact, most airlines feel that 747 is too large for long-haul flights and with that they invest in projects 'trijet'. There are also doubts about the ability of 747 to operate with airport infrastructure at the time.
Another issue raised by companies is the use of aviation fuel. This is because the use of aircraft fuel 'trijet' lower than the four-jet aircraft and airlines certainly more likely to choose low-cost fuel. These issues have plagued Boeing in 1970.
However, Boeing has promised to deliver 747 to Pan Am, in a period of approximately four years, Boeing needs to build and test the plane. Within this short period, the development process to make those involved in this project work in a very stressful situation and they are referred to as 'The Incredibles'. Higher costs for aircraft development and infrastructure building in Everett is a gamble for Boeing and the success of this company depends on the success of 747. Boeing is almost gone bankrupt in 1970. However, Boeing won this gamble and eventually monopolize the transport of wide-bodied Boeing for 35 years. The arrival of the Airbus A380 Boeing broke the record.
Variation
747 made with several series to meet the client's will.
747-100
The first model 747 is the 747 series 100 (747-100), was inaugurated in Everett on September 2, 1968. 747-100 commenced operations on January 1, 1970 with the first client of Pan American World Airways. 747-100B and replace the 747-100, with a fuselage that is more robust and powerful set of tires that kebih. There are also 747-100SR series that can accommodate 550 passengers and used for domestic flights in Japan. Series 100 is capable of flying as far as 7200 km with a full load.
747-100 upper deck, usually have 3 windows, distinguish this aircraft with other aircraft. At first, the upper deck is used as a lounge, but the airlines then use the upper deck to the passenger seat.
747-200
Introduced in 1971, the 747-200 has higher power and is capable of flying with a heavier load, when compared with the series 100, and therefore the 747-200 can fly farther. 747-200 can be distinguished by the series 100 with a number of top-level window that is as many as 10 windows, while the 100 series has 3. The variation of the last 200 Series, 200B, built in the late 1980s, capable of flying 10,800 km with a full load.
Series 747-200C and 200F are made to the aircraft cargo. 747-200F cargo plane is completely, 747-200C is a series that can be exchanged into the aircraft cargo or passenger aircraft. Series combined passenger and cargo planes deployed aircraft combo. Unlike the series 100 Indeed, most 200 cargo plane made.
747SP
747SP or 'Special Performance,' was introduced in 1976. This series is issued to rival the Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011 TriStar and because Boeing did not have a simple size wide-body aircraft to compete with the DC-10 and Tristar. Construction costs are high 747 and 737 at the end of 1960 led to Boeing was not able to create new aircraft models 747 and therefore shortened and redesigned so that the speed and maximum distance adjusted to their capacities. SP series, with 3-class configuration, capable of carrying 220 passengers and fly as far as 10,500 km with a speed of 980 km / hour.
747SP is the only aircraft capable of flying with the furthest distance, until launch Airbus A340. Flight of using this model include American Airlines, Pan Am, and Qantas, because the ability of this series to fly across the Pacific Ocean meet these airlines to fly to Tokyo. South African Airways 747SP was also used to route the flight from Johannesburg to London, when the apartheid regime in power, the airline is not allowed to fly across other African countries and led to South African Airways is struggling, and SP is the solution.
Despite having a special ability, SP sales not as expected, where only 45 pieces were sold, which mostly operate for a flight in the Middle East and Africa. One airline that is still used to carry passengers SP general is Iran Air and Syrian Air. Several Gulf Arab states, such as Bahrain and Saudi Arabia are also still use the SP for VIP flights.
One of the special modifications 747SP is astronomical observer Sofia carrying an infrared telescope with a diameter of 2.5 meters. Before modification, the aircraft operated by Pan Am and named "Clipper Lindbergh", and also briefly operated the aircraft for the airline United Airlines.
747-300
At first, model 747-300 aircraft is planned to be 'trijet' version of the 747SP. But because demand is lacking, the plan was forgotten.
What then happens, 747-300 become a new model for Boeing and was introduced in 1980. 747-300 is the first model 747 with the upper deck enlarged to increase capacity.
747-400
747-400 is the latest model Boeing 747, and the only series made to date. Between the real change is the extension of the wing as much as 2 meters and the addition of 'winglet' / tapering at the tip of the wing almost 2 meters. 747-400 entered the market in 1989 with Northwest Airlines' first client.
400 series made entirely in the form of passengers, 'combo' (747-400m) and cargo (747-400F). Domestic series for the Japanese market that is 747-400D, is the highest capacity passenger aircraft in the world, until the emergence of the A380, and 747-400D can be exchanged into long-distance aircraft when needed.
747-400ER is capable of flying 400 series with the furthest distance in the model 747. 747-400ER also comes in the form of full cargo namely 747-400ERF. One plan currently being prepared for new models namely 747-400XQLR, now converted into 747 Advanced, which is able to fly longer distances.
747 cargo plane Dreamlifter
Boeing announced in October 2003 that the components for 7E7/787, are made throughout the world, will be flown to Everett, Washington to be combined. To transport these components, the Boeing 747-400 to make modifications to the aircraft cargo.
Delivery time can be shortened to 30 days using a single 747. This is quite important because the wing 787 made in 747 Large Cargo Freighter Jepang.Boeing has produced as many as 4 pieces.
747X
747X is a plan to make the 747 series by adding a large upper deck, just like the 757-500. But this plan was rejected after 747Adv development in the process.
Advanced 747
Boeing is now making an effort together with the company pernerbangan to create a new series 747, Boeing 747 Advanced which will use the same cockpit and engine with 7E7/787. 747 was made to fly with less noise, more economical and environmentally friendly. 747 Advanced capacity of 500 passengers with 3-class configuration and can fly as far as 18,816 km with a speed of Mach 0.86.
Boeing 747-8
The Boeing 747-8 is the change of model Boeing 747 Advanced which failed to be created by perusaahan Boeing.Tipe this is the longest aircraft in the world, with more than 76 meters long. The design follows the design of aircraft Boeing 787. Boeing 747-8 was first flown on February 8, 2010 with a cargo version. Later, the Boeing 747-8 passenger version first flight on February 11, 2011. Boeing 747-8 passenger can carry 465 passengers, 15 passengers more than the previous version, the Boeing 747-400. The Boeing 747-8 is also intended to rival the Airbus A380. Boeing 747-8 also has a change, which is located on the wings and engines. The purpose of the wing 747 has changed as to minimize air friction and provide a more robust performance. Boeing's 747-8 uses General Electric engines 2B 67 Next Generation version of a more efficient use of materials bakar.Boeing dakam 747-8 also called intercontinental aircraft, because Boeing version was able to fly from America to Japan, crossed the Atlantic Ocean nonstop.
